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AK-74
The AK-74 (Russian: or "Kalashnikov automatic rifle model 1974") is an assault rifle developed in the early 1970s, by Russian designer Mikhail Kalashnikov as the replacement for the earlier AKM (itself a refined version of the AK-47). It uses a smaller 5.45×39mm cartridge, replacing the 7.62×39mm chambering of earlier Kalashnikov-pattern weapons.
The rifle first saw service with Soviet forces engaged in the 1979 Afghanistan conflict.〔Woźniak, Ryszard: ''Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 1 A-F'', page 25. Bellona, 2001.〕 The head of the Afghan bureau of the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence claimed that the CIA paid $5,000 for the first AK-74 captured by the mujahadeen during the Soviet–Afghan War.
Presently, the rifle continues to be used by the majority of countries of the former USSR. Additionally, licensed copies were produced in Bulgaria (AK-74, AKS-74 and AKS-74U), the former East Germany (MPi-AK-74N, MPi-AKS-74N, MPi-AKS-74NK) and Romania (PA md. 86).〔〔Cutshaw, Charlie: ''The New World of Russian Small Arms & Ammo'', page 92. Paladin Press, 1998.〕〔McNab, Chris: ''The AK47 (Weapons of War)'', page 25. Spellmount Publishers, 2001.〕 Besides former Soviet republics and eastern European countries, Mongolia, North Korean Special Forces, and Vietnamese People's Naval infantry use AK-74s.
==Design details==
The AK-74 is an adaptation of the 7.62×39mm AKM assault rifle and features several important design improvements.〔 These improvements were primarily the result of converting the rifle to the intermediate-caliber high velocity 5.45×39mm cartridge. In fact, some early models are reported to have been converted AKMs, re-barreled to 5.45×39mm.〔Kokalis, Peter: ''Weapons Tests And Evaluations: The Best Of Soldier Of Fortune'', page 45. Paladin Press, 2001.〕 Compared to the preceding AKM the AK-74 has better effective range, firing accuracy (a main development goal) and reliability. The AK-74 and AKM share an approximate 50% parts commonality (interchangeable most often are pins, springs and screws).〔〔http://www.military-today.com/firearms.pdf "The AK-74 has improved firing accuracy over the AKM. This weapon retains all advantages and disadvantages of Kalashnikov design, including reliability, ruggedness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. This weapon do not jams or misfires in worst conditions possible. Also it has reliable extraction even with dirty chamber and cases. Its drawbacks are poor balance and ergonomics, as well as inferior firing accuracy to most Western weapons." Firearms E-book © Military-Today.com 2010. page 25〕〔http://www.military-today.com/firearms/ak_74.htm "The AK-74 has improved firing accuracy over the AKM. This weapon retains all advantages and disadvantages of Kalashnikov design, including reliability, ruggedness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. This weapon do not jams or misfires in worst conditions possible. Also it has reliable extraction even with dirty chamber and cases. Its drawbacks are poor balance and ergonomics, as well as inferior firing accuracy to most Western weapons."〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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